Compare of the Poets Present Emotions in the Poems In Paris With You and Ghazal

In these poems, the poets use a range of techniques to present feelings and emotion from the point of the speaker. Ghazal is in the style of a traditional Persian love poem, which puts forward powerful imagery and metaphors, in an attempt to summarise the emotion of love, while In Paris With You is a playful attempt to woo a previous lover in a more informal, colloquial way. Ghazal, as mentioned before, is written like a love poem. However, one may consider it an example of role reversal- unusually; it is written from the point of view of a woman, not a man.Although it is not a sonnet, the form of poem is a Ghazal- this is a type of song, of mystical love poetry: we can thus compare it to a sonnet in the way that love is explored as a theme. It is structured in rhyming couplets- these can be described like poems themselves, as they capture the speaker’s strong feeling of attachment. These also contain refrain words, which help to drive in the points being made, such as â€Å" me†, which forms part of the weak rhyme scheme.The love in the poem can be seen in the first stanza- â€Å"If I am the grass and you the breeze, blow through me/ If I am the rose and you the bird, then woo me†. These examples of natural imagery mean we can see how the idea of the speaker and the person they address being together is beneficial- in fact, drawing from the imagery, we could go further and say that the idea is a natural (good) thing. Another emotion present is longing. This is the feeling of desperation to be with the other person talked to.Focusing on the language used, Ghazal makes extensive use of metaphors to explore the relationship between the speaker and the person they feel love for. Many of the metaphors are in the form of pairs of items or objects that complement each other, reflecting the way in which the speaker sees the relationship. For example, â€Å"what shape should I take to marry your own, have you- hawk to my shadow, moth to my flame â €“ pursue me? † showcases the idea that the speaker is willing to transform to suit the other, in â€Å"†¦what shape†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This could also be a cue to the reader that the writer is perhaps lacking in some confidence..Another example is â€Å"If you are the rhyme and I the refrain don’t hang/ on my lips, come and I’ll come too when you cue me†: using enjambment to keep the poem flowing like a song. Also, the two sides of a relationship are likened to being like the â€Å"rhyme† and â€Å"refrain†, which suggests a sense of the two people being one unit together. This refrain could be the word â€Å"me†: because it appears so frequently in comparison, it could be a representation of the lover showing inferiority to the one she loves, and desperation. In Paris with You is a poem with a theme of longing also.The speaker is this time a man recounting a relationship he had moved on from. Perhaps this could have been partly due to a certain partiality to drinking alcohol, which we are told about in â€Å"And I get tearful/when I’ve had a drink or two†. â€Å"I'm on the rebound† shows that it must have been rather long-term, if he is describing a recovery from it. Unlike Ghazal, which is less clear about the outcome, In Paris with You suggests that the relationship is a reality. The poem, unlike Ghazal, is made up of two stanzas of about 5 lines, which deal with the run-up to the situation, and then a longer one in the middle,.It could be argued that this represents a pause for thought, as then the mood, or tone, of the poem changes, as in the next two stanzas, the speaker focuses on enjoying the present, such as â€Å"that crack across the ceiling/ and the hotel walls are peeling/ and I’m in Paris with you†, which shows that the speaker does not care for the surroundings when he is with the woman he loves. Indeed, this could be described as the summary of the poem, o r meaning- us being together is far more important than being in traditional romantic and beautiful locations, such as the Notre Dame (more beautiful than romantic), which he promptly tells to â€Å"sod off†.In terms of language, the opening is not like Ghazal’s in the respect that it starts with the negative â€Å"but†, to discourage the person he is talking to from â€Å"talk(ing) to me of love†. This is an opportunity to recognise the colloquial nature of the poem, such as the use of the phrases â€Å"an earful†, and â€Å"sod off to sodding Notre-Dame†. This contrasts heavily with the more formal, overwritten tone present in Ghazal. We can also see this as the speaker makes words to carry on his rhyme scheme, such as â€Å"wounded/ marooned†, which brings a playful nature.Similarly, the final stanza draws heavily on the phrase â€Å"in Paris with you†, to show the importance of being with the person he wants to be with, and then â€Å"am I embarrassing you? † is used to add to the teasing nature of the tone. Looking to the tone, which we have just looked at, I believe that another emotion brought forward is playfulness, in the way that more orthodox methods of seducing people are turned down in favour of just being with each other, albeit in a way that uses references to â€Å"embarrassing† ideas about romance, and love poems.In conclusion, the two poems Ghazal and In Paris with You deal with the same topics of love and longing, using techniques such as imagery, contrast, and metaphor achieve these pictures, but the latter feels more like a pastiche to the first in the way that its colloquial and abrupt humorous tone is a juxtaposition to the comparatively formal of the first.

MW corporation

Structure and execute a DCF valuation of all the MW reserves using APV. How much are the reserves worth? Is your estimate more likely to be biased high or low? What are the sources of bias? Answer: The DCF valuation of all the MW reserves using APV Indicates that the net worth of the portfolio is around $516. 30 million. The estimate Is more likely to be biased on the higher side. The data for the projections was collected by Morgan Stanley and Amoco. Thus, the probable undeveloped and possible reserves estimated may be different from the ctual reserves.Amoco can get higher valuation by projecting higher reserves. Also, Amoco and Morgan Stanley projected that the price of a oil barrel will continue to rise for the next 15 years from the current price of S 20. 4 per barrel to S 443 per barrel. This increasing value of per barrel can significantly increase the valuation of the oil fields. COSTS: The costs In the projections were estimated based on the historical costs and cash overhead savings that Amoco expected to save from the sale of MW petroleum. However, Apache had very low costs and was an efficient operator of properties.Also, since the MW fields were operated by Amoco; this would result In more potential savings to Apache. likely to biased on the higher side. The DCF valuation using APV is shown in the next page. Interest tax shields: Assumed coupon on debt 12. 32% Assumed initial debt 182. 7 Year 1 interest 22. 5 Tax rate 36% Year 1 tax shield 8. 1 Assumed cost of debt 12. 00% Growth rate -4. 06% Value of tax shield (perpetuity) 50. 4 Value of â€Å"Additional assets† 25. 0 Total value of MW 516. 3 2. How would you structure an analysis of MW as a portfolio of assets-in-place and options?Specifically, which parts of the business should be regarded as assets-in- place and which as options? The whole portfolio of MW consists of 5 parts: i. Proved developed reserves it. Proved undeveloped reserves iii. Probable reserves ‘v. Possible reserves v . Other opportunities options as capital expenditures are associated with proved undeveloped reserves, probable reserves and possible reserves, and the company can choose whether to make these expenditures basing on the then prevailing prices of oil and natural gas.

Diva Momma Gives A Fierce Performance

Beyondg's vocal ability and potential, she proved them wrong to do so, when she performed at the Super bowl half- time show with approximately about 12 minutes of booty-shaking, body grinding, hair-tossing and GIRL POWER! They were definitely wrong to say so, as not a single yawn was let out. No one peeped out a word during it as everyone was completely entranced by Honey Bee's cabinetmaking performance. Everyone at the edge of their seats wondering what song she will sing next.And every single time, she didn't disappoint her fans, not one bit. In fact, she got them even more excited, got them screaming and shouting her lyrics back at her throughout the whole performance. The Stage setting and special effects intertwined in elegance and awe. It was very well organized and clearly was thought through for weeks, even months! The lighting was so effective, while adding flavor to Beyondg's performance and still managed to keep the focus on her!My favorite special effect though was when a guitarist (who rocked everyone's socks off by the way) came out of nowhere and had sparks coming out of it, while Beyond was right beside it wowing off the vast variety of pitches she can belt out. Was captivated. Her outfit was very bold and out of this universe. She wore a cropped black leather motorcycle jacket and a leather bodysuit made with strips of python and iguana, with some lace. It was like a woman's modern warrior outfit.It's already fierce enough as it is, but to put Bye in it? The fierce-meter is about to explode! Honey Bee looked rather smashing and wore it as if to remind everyone in the audience that she is one sexy, sexy woman, because, we didn't know that already. Her song choices were very clever as they were all well-known which allowed the audience to sing/scream along. It included ‘Crazy in Love' ‘End of Time' and 3 songs which she sang with her ex-group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams.They literally came shooting up out of the underg round, and blew everyone away when they performed ‘Single Ladies'. Best surprise in Super-Bowl Half-Time Show history. The choreography was flawless and they showed that ‘Diva' is really a ‘female version of a hustler' if you know what I mean! Although Kelly and Michelle ere on stage with Beyond, Beyond was still everyone's focus. No one can ever steal her spotlight!Singing Halo as her last song was an epic conclusion. She managed to belt the notes effortlessly, proving herself once again, to be the Queen of RAN. The show was the sexiest Super Bowl Half Time show since 2004 when Janet Jackson had a ‘Wardrobe malfunction†. Yikes! From beginning to end, the singer didn't let motherhood get in the way of delivering an energetic performance that killed! And most importantly, she had now silenced her doubters.

Community Partners Identification Assignment Research Proposal

Community Partners Identification Assignment - Research Proposal Example The VFW would be a great place to start soliciting these letters because all of the men and women that are members of this society are veterans and have experienced the difficulties related to adjusting to life after service and combat. There is also a need on the behalf of the VFW to engage these new returning veterans. Many posts recognize the need to recruit young veterans to sustain the organization into the future. Supporting the program could be good public relations for local VFW chapters near the university. Another veteran’s organization is the AMVETS. This is an advocacy group for American veterans. They already sponsor several scholarship funds, so their commitment to education for returning veterans is already demonstrated. The AMVETS have an outstanding communications network, so a letter of support offering help by making the university program known to returning veterans would be especially helpful. Other groups outside the university could include major educational and social foundations that are not directly linked to veterans or the military. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is dedicated to improving education in America. While their focus is on K-12 education, the organization also deals with some higher education concerns. Within the university community, the first group to be contacted with for a letter would be the office of the Dean of Continuing Education or the department that oversees non-traditional students. These returning veterans are mostly the age of many undergraduates, but their service in the military places them in a different category than a student coming to college straight from high school or prep school. Some of their needs will be different, especially if they have served in very stressful situations. The mental health services at the university should be contacted so a letter of arranged services is described for these returning veterans. Posttraumatic stress disorder is a barrier to success

A Critical Analysis of Hemingway's A Clean, Well-lighted Place Essay

A Critical Analysis of Hemingway's A Clean, Well-lighted Place - Essay Example Ernest Hemingway’s 1954 Nobel Prize winner â€Å"A Clean, Well-lighted Place† effectively illustrates human beings’ different answers of the mostly asked question: â€Å"What is the meaning of life?† From toddlerhood to late adulthood, as people grow mature, their response to this question gets influenced with their life’s experiences whether good or bad. They either turn out to be hopeful amidst life adversities or become cynical of life’s real meaning. In a much closer look, Hemingway’s work undoubtedly reflects his own experiences (Ernest Hemingway). He himself has committed suicide in the year 1961(Redouane, Abouddahab, 2). And as a result, most critical analyses of his works become mostly biographical in nature. Hemingway’s work undoubtedly reflects a considerable amount of his life’s experiences as a soldier, writer, and reporter. It can be also noted that most of the criticism of Hemingway’s works is ideolog ically based and is greatly influenced by the accumulated facts about his life and work. His works usually present male personas whose characters evolve around the themes on â€Å"losing hope and faith† (Ernest Hemingway). This short story â€Å"A Clean, Well-lighted Place† somehow progresses on the same theme: of losing hope and faith to live, and of nursing the moments of despair to finding that something that will push one to continue living. These themes were well illustrated by three characters of different walks of life, three people who see life in different perspectives: the young waiter, the old waiter and the old-drunk man. They have different stories to tell and only in the clean, well-lighted cafe that their mind-sets get exposed to the readers’ critical scrutiny. In Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory, he pointed out that in each stage of a person’s life one experiences psychosocial crisis represented by two opposing dispositions also terme d by Erickson as â€Å"contrary dispositions†. If one can successfully manage each stage, he/she can get through the rest of the stages. On the other hand, If one failed, he may develop â€Å"reduced ability to complete further stages† (Saul McLeod). In relation to this, the young waiter represents those in the young adulthood stage, the sixth stage of Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory of Human Development, who views life with much positivity and idealism while the old-drunk man and the old waiter who sympathizes with the former represent those in the late adulthood stage, the last stage of Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory. They are the ones who are caught between developing ego integrity and wallowing up the feeling of despair. The story, set in a clean, well-lighted cafe somewhere in Spain, opens with an old man drinking brandy and sitting on his favourite spot in the cafe, â€Å"in the shadow of the leaves of the tree made against the electric light† . The two waiters in the cafe were talking about the old-drunk man as he drowns himself with his liquor. Their conversation wound up with the latter’s attempted suicide to the significance of a clean, well-lighted cafe of which young waiter finds no difference with other bars and bodegas. The young waiter who seems oblivious of the old-drunk man’s personal issues finds the attempt ridiculous because for him the latter â€Å"has plenty of money† and that there’s no reason why should the old man try to end his life. On one hand, the old waiter feels what the old man was exactly feeling as he understands what â€Å"it† feels like. He confesses that, he himself needs a clean, well-lighted place once in a while. As the story progresses, the young and old waiter, both representations of two different generations, demonstrate the different worldviews

The New Central Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words - 1

The New Central Planning - Essay Example Pitched to a general audience, "The Federal Reserve and the Financial Crisis" is part of the chairman's praiseworthy effort to increase Fed transparency.  The first two lectures cover the origins and history of the Fed. Mr. Bernanke identifies three primary functions of central banks: to conduct monetary policy (i.e., controlling of the supply of money by setting interest rates); to serve as lenders of last resort (i.e., providing liquidity for important institutions to stave off financial crises); and to regulate the financial system (i.e., limiting the risks that banks and other players in financial markets may take). Yet he hardly discusses the quantity of money in circulation or the Feds effect on it. The omission reflects the fact that Mr. Bernanke has dramatically altered the nature of central banking. Under his management, the Fed now tries to determine to which sectors the economy's savings flow, and monetary policy has become solely about setting interest rates.  To his credit, Mr. Bernanke considers the merits of the classical gold standard, in which the dollar was fully redeemable for a specific quantity of gold. He believes that its gains in long-run price stability were more than counterbalanced by the short-run economic fluctuations it caused. But as University of Georgia economist George Selgin pointed out after the lectures were delivered, the chairmans argument against the gold standard suffers from some severe weaknesses. For starters, it ignores the path-breaking research of Christina Romer, former chairman of President Obamas Council of Economic Advisers, which demonstrated that the frequency and severity of recessions werent significantly greater before the Feds creation in 1913 than after World War II. This casts doubt on the ability of the Fed with its fiat money to tame the business cycle any better than did the gold standard without the Feds intrusions.

Substance Abuse Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Substance Abuse - Article Example Through the journaling technique, I took down relevant notes on shared information which are deemed crucial to the healing process. As I was attending the meeting, there were different thoughts that crossed my mind, such as (1) how dedicated and committed are the alcoholics and the family members who attended the meeting; (2) do they really see the group (Alcoholic Anonymous) as an effective tool for recovery; (3) how different are the views of new and old members in terms of AA facilitating ways for their recovery; (4) does it help the alcoholics more when family members are present; among others. Initially, the meeting started by the presider announcing relevant events and activities to be participated in by alcoholics, family members and interest guests. Then, during the discussion the presider reminds members of the Twelve Steps which are the guiding principles for recovery. Old alcoholic members who have fully recovered shared their challenges and rewards for undergoing the program; while members were still anxious and apprehensive to share experiences. Every experiences shared were expounded by the preside r where interesting thoughts were emphasized and confirmed through validating experiences of others. I honestly thought that it would be an instrumental contribution to be part of this community as a presider, a coach or mentor to assist people with drinking problems on the road towards

How and why has fashion production been globalised Essay

How and why has fashion production been globalised - Essay Example Some of these product logos and brands include Versace, Louis Vuiton, Victoria secrets, and Nike among many others. In globalization, consumers draw purchasing potential from the aspect that these products associate with class, sexuality, and the immense media marketing coverage given by these media forms. Mostly, fashion products find their increase in popularity through magazines, internet, televisions, celebrity music videos, and in international films hence creating a sense of identity among the global consumers. In this regard, this essay will delve on the ways in which fashion has gone global. Fashion technique Fashion is a body related technique, which encompasses certain aspects of communication that include gestures and other body movements in the portrayal of habits. Fashion is a distinct avenue of expressing individuality and standing out among other society members. Ideally, exotic fashion wear becomes the most unfamiliar fashion dressing that portrays technicality in dis play and dressing. Further, being exotic in the westernized world implies that a clothing collection is different from preceding fashion productions depicting newness and no previous existence (Craik, 1994:17). Therefore, exoticism is a fashion technique in which consumers easily identify the products that are new and trending in the market. Certain aspects of culture and cultural norms across non-westernized cultures influence the modes of dressing and accessorizing some westernized cultures and fashion houses. For instance, fashion houses across Europe borrow distinct aspects of culture either from the saris from India, to the veils worn by Islamic women or the intense body beautification practiced by Africans. Moreover, the exotic technical aspect in fashion may ape the way of dressing from certain cultures to depict heavy fashion statements. This may include the hippie way of dressing influenced by the Indian mode of dressing and wearing draped fashion wear copied from the way p easants dress (Maynard, 2004:70). Clearly, fashion in the western world is quite contrary to social beliefs, class, and customary elements in the non-westernized cultures. For instance, in the non-westernized cultures some dressing techniques depict heavy spiritual belief and acknowledgement of religion rather the western view of being trendy and unique. Sequentially, the use of fashion and fashion production statements across non-westernized cultures is a rare phenomenon since these cultures do not emphasize the need to establish superficial identity. However, fashion trends relate to better performing economies and not to struggling economies because of the ready market and the cultural embrace given to their fashion production by fashion enthusiasts within these economies. On the other hand, decorations a fashion parade express the importance of adding value to the fashion in display (Palmer and Clark, 2005:27). Ideally, a fashion production without chunky and intensely visible d ecor appears flat and non-attractive to the eyes. Decors and accessories as fashion techniques tend to display sophistication and significant fashion knowledge. In essence, fashion creates a loud communication through the dressing that provides an avenue for people to judge one’s personal taste in fashion aspects. Additionally, fashion application and production helps in

Evidence-based Assessment of ADHD in Children Essay

Evidence-based Assessment of ADHD in Children - Essay Example negatively affect the child’s academic performance and self-esteem including the child’s relationship with family members and friends (Hoza et al., 2005; Hazelwood, Bovingdon, & Tiemens, 2002). ADHD can also lead to behavioural problems which often make the child unable to socialize with other people (Kerns et al., 2001). In rare cases, Fleischmann et al. (2005) found out that approximately 20.8% of the suicidal cases in young people have disruptive behaviour disorder which is related to ADHD. In the absence of proper treatment such as medicine and behavioural therapy, children with ADHD could cause behavioural problems not only at home but also in school, work, and relationship with the opposite sex. Eventually, the negative effects of ADHD could cause a child to become depressed, frustrated, or engage with the use of illegal drugs if left untreated. To effectively provide children with ADHD with proper treatment, early detection of ADHD is important. Concerning the increasing number of ADHD throughout the United Kingdom, this study will focus on assessing some of the evidenced-based assessment method used in detecting ADHD in children. In the process of going through the main discussion, evidences behind the psychological assessment of ADHD in children will be evaluated. As part of assessing whether a child has ADHD, medical professionals would often use analogue methods such as conduct an interview with the child, go through the patient’s medical history which includes issues related to social, emotional, educational, and behaviour of the child, physical exam, and the use of behaviour rating and/or checklist in detecting ADHD (Kooij et al., 2008; Parker & Benedict, 2002; ; Forbes, 2001; Barkley, 1991). Likewise, laboratory measures such as the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Gordon Diagnostic System – a self-contained computer device can also be utilized in detecting symptoms of ADHD (Kelley, Noell, & Reitman, 2002, p. 28; Barkley,

My most significant memory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My most significant memory - Essay Example Most of my friends live in the city, yet they are always enraptured by the mere mention of the country. Slowly but surely, I fell in love with this city that exudes the charm of tranquility. Nonetheless, I could not help feeling lonely and helpless for being a foreigner here. I was too timid to talk with the locals for fear that they would reject a person like me who could not speak their language flurntly. Not having many other Chinese citizens around me, and not being pampered by my caring and attentive parents only increased my distress. Soon I realized the only thing I could and should do was to be fully devoted to my studies so that I could be distracted away from the consuming homesickness. As a result, my grades started iproving and I felt I was slowly overcoming my homesickness. Occasionally, my mind would involuntarily cast back to those days of happiness I enjoyed back home. These memories always lead to my memories of the last day that I was in China, especially the final few minutes before boarding on the plane to America. My father looked at his watch and said, â€Å"It is time for you to go.† Yes, it was the time for me to go, for me to live without my parents, and for me to survive and thrive on my own abilities in a foreign country. We stood up, and went to Chinese customs. The moment was deeply imbued with melancholy. We were reluctant to depart, but we were all clearly aware that it had to happen. In front of the customs, we asked a warm-hearted passer-by to take a picture of my family as a keepsake for that special day. I hugged my parents, said my goodbyes and walked to the customs. For no reason, I decided to turn my head, and that was the moment when I saw my father’s eyes were welling up and my mother was shedding torrential tea rs. I melted, and the brave look I tried to put on was shattered. When the time

Damage That Has Been Done to Children of Divorce Essay Example for Free

Damage That Has Been Done to Children of Divorce Essay When a marriage is not working, there is a breakdown of communication, common goals, or trust, and often this ends in divorce. A divorce is a very painful process with detrimental effects on children that are involved (Wienstock 5). The general trauma of a divorce and the level of severity it has on a child are mainly due to the childs age when a divorce takes place. The psychological effects are normally considered long term and the hardest to deal with for children involved (Persons 1). The easiest of all effects of a divorce is a child is behavior outburst normally displaying aggression and a feeling of not caring about anything or anyone anymore. The general effects of a divorce can affect everyone involved, but often the children will show the stress and emotions of a divorce more openly that an adult would. The fear of abandonment and losing one of the parents is devastating on a child (Wienstock 3). How a children perceives their homes normally sets the level of damage children are going to have to cope with through out the divorce and thereafter. If a child perceives the home as stable, they may handle a divorce well, but if a child perceives a home as freighting and scary place, they may try to avoid dealing with it at all. The trauma that a child endures will probably be worse than a child in a stable household environment. The most important issue that affects the level of perception and a level of damage is the age of a child when the parents divorce (Wienstock 3). Younger children will normally take a divorce of their parents more personally and handle it worse than an older child would. The psychological effects are more categorized as long-term effect that leave the children feeling responsible and blaming themselves for the guilt of a divorce everyone going through. Most children exercise a sense of loss during a divorce that can only be compared to as lost of a loved one (Children of Divorce 4). Feeling of rejections and loneliness normally confuses a child to the point of depression and some times suicide. The struggle as a child trys to keep in contact with the absent parent without  offending the parent that they are still are with becomes stressful and some times damaging to a young child (Wienstock 4). The deepest of all emotions is anger, and it is the easiest to recognize in older children that are coping with a divorce (Persons). The anger is normally turned toward both parents and sibling in the household (Wienstock 4 5). The behavior change in a child is almost immediate after the announcement of a divorce. The behavior outburst and disruption in a childs life are signs that a child is having a hard time dealing with the idea of parents splitting up. Academic problems with school activities and grades and physical displays of anger are the first of behavior effects to be seen in a family that is falling apart (Wienstock 5). Older children and even younger children are turning to drugs and alcohol to cope with the emotional stress of losing one of the parents in the household . Girls tend to become sexual active with older partners, as they long to find a father like figure to replace the parent that is no longer a direct part of their lives (Wienstock 5). Boys tend to have shorter relationships refusing to get close for fear of being rejected again as they might have felt when their mother left them with his father as a child during a divorce. These children are just trying to find someone that they feel will not abandoned them as they feel their parents have done to them. The painful process that is broken into stages is navigated by a child and adults alike that have been subject to a divorce. The loss of the other parent is compared by most specialists to a death of a loved one. In therapy, the psychological effects in children are normally over looked as a child grows up and into adults themselves. These children typically are found to have poor relationships and an unbalanced social life as they struggle to find where they belong in this world. The physical effects that affect everyone are the choices that children make while thinking that they will never survive the divorce. Drugs, alcohol, and the sexual behaviors of the older children are just a few effects that a divorce can have on the children. The poor decisions of the current generation to enter in to marriage lightly at such a young age, leaves our society open for a generation of emotion basket cases of parents to raise the our future  generations..

Integrated Conservation Development Projects Essay Example for Free

Integrated Conservation Development Projects Essay Integrated Conservation Development Projects (ICDP) look into how the socio-economic goals of a people may be achieved without compromising the ecological balance of the environment. At the same time, ICDP, more importantly, is directed at using socio-economic investments to keep the biodiversity intact despite the influx of human activities. ICDPs require an assessment of the dynamics of the project area so as to be able to determine the appropriate approach and the needed intervention, and monitoring and evaluation in the target community. The following are experiences of the implementation of some ICDPs: English Title: Conservation and development projects in the Brazilian Amazon: lessons from the community initiative program in Rondonia. Personal Authors: Browder, J. O. Author Affiliation: Department of Urban Affairs and Planning, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. Document Title: Environmental Management, 2002 (Vol. 29) (No. 6) 750-762 Publisher: Springer-Verlag NewYork Inc. Abstract: This ICDP takes on community-based conservation and development as a foundation of sustainable economic development. Although there is a growing debate on the effectiveness and replicability of ICDPs, the central elements of the concept of integrated conservation and development are examined through a description of the Community Initiative Program (CIP), a pilot program of the Rondonia Natural Resources Management project in the western Brazilian Amazon state of Rondonia. The CIP apply the principles of ICDP to the regional scale in different communities at the same time. Conservation impacts of the program and lessons learned are presented here. Author: Asian Development Bank Year: 1998 Paper Title: Central Sulawesi Integrated Area Development and Conservation Project Abstract: This ICDP focuses on Indonesia’s Central Sulawesi Integrated Development Conservation Project. The goals of the Project are poverty reduction and sustainable development achieved through acceleration and sustained growth of the agricultural sector. It also has a policy component that aims to develop a policy framework and institutional reform measures to increase agricultural productivity. The expected outputs and outcomes of the Project are hoped to bring about socio-economic as well as environmental benefits. The benefits shall have a positive impact on both the poor and the indigenous cultural communities in the area. Author: The World Bank Documents Reports Year: 2007 Paper Title: Request for the secretary of states approval to designate Bolong Fenyo as Gunjar community wildlife reserve Journal Title: Gambia Integrated Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Management Project Volume: 2 of 2 Abstract: Gambia’s critical ecological areas may be protected with The Integrated Coastal and Marine Biodiversity (ICAM) project. A number of expected project impacts and mitigation measures may regulate activities through the establishment of resource utilization zones within the core park area and buffer zones but these are aimed to obtain positive effects and impact both in the short-term and in the long run. A new set of rules will also have to be drafted by the DPWM and the communities so that permitted activities especially in the reserve area such as fishing and oystering may be agreed upon. Other alternative options are being explored in view of the limitations presented. References Cab Abstracts. (2007). Conservation and development projects in the Brazilian Amazon: lessons from the community initiative program in Rondonia. Retrieved October 8, 2007, from Cab Abstracts Web site: https://www.adb.org/

My Creative Experience As A Secretary Education Essay

My Creative Experience As A Secretary Education Essay Reflection is to recapture, ponder and evaluate ones direct experience (Boud, Keogh and Walker, 1985). Reflective practice plays a significant role in promoting personal development, since it allows people to learn from their experience constantly and provides valuable enlightenment for their future life and career. In other words, profound and regular reflection is an essential condition for effective learning, and a prerequisite to continuous personal development (Boud, Cressey and Docherty, 2006). Given the importance of reflection, this essay will reflect upon my creative experience as a secretary in Vincent Villa Design. According to Hatton and Smith (2005), reflective writing can be divided into these four aspects: descriptive writing, descriptive reflection, dialogic reflection and critical reflection. This model will be employed in the following three parts of main body: In the Section 1, I will describe my creative idea generation in Vincent Villa Design, which is the combination of descriptive writing and descriptive reflection. In the Section 2, I will conduct profound analysis about the nature, sources and impact of creativity, taking my creative experience in Vincent Villa Design as example. Also, I will evaluate the quality of my creative judgment and reveal its deficiencies; as well as presenting possible alternative to improve its effect. This part can be referred to as dialogic reflection, In the Section 3, I will critically reflect upon what I have learned from this creative experience, and present its enlightenment for my future career as a manager. Evidently, critical reflection is involved in this part. Description of my creative idea generation in Vincent Villa Design Context and reason for my creativity Vincent Villa Design is a specialised decoration and design company for high-end villas in Beijing, China. I have once worked as a secretary and interpreter who handled formal documents and helped with business negotiation between designers and clients from French, Italy, Germany, India and of course, China. Despite broad sources of customers and designers, the company failed to establish a series of formal document formats. But abundant documents were involved in each villa decoration project, e.g. contracts, engineering designs, formal letters and meeting records. All these documents must be in an order and easy to review from time to time, thus ensuring smooth project progress. Therefore, I started to develop a new pattern of formulating various documents. Process of my creative idea generation Permitted by general manager, I have accomplished these four creativity procedures with the support of counsellors and designers. First, established bilingual Minutes of Meeting in single profiles. Minutes of Meeting first reported the data, time, place, topic and attendees. In addition, each aspect of discussion was listed in the table one by one. Moreover, the Minutes of Meeting were sent to all attendees and the client himself within one working day, to ensure the timeliness of information transmission. Second, designed new pattern of Decoration Contract and Design Contract with the counsellors. Since original contract had some incomplete clauses and incorrect English translations, I read it carefully and modified the diction while adding some new contract terms. Of course, I resorted to our consellor to ensure the preciseness of new contracts. Third, provided unified business letters with the watermark of our company. For instance, all the notices for property management office and the clients themselves would be in unified pattern and labeled with the watermark of our company. Redesigned by our design department, such watermark could prevent some copies of our important letters and designs, thus protecting our corporate image. Fourth, standardised all the technical terms commonly used in design papers. I translated the common terms of various design papers and entered them into computer. Each designer received such a list for reference so that their standardised terms could be understood more easily by foreign clients. Of course, they also provided kind support for my translation by explaining the meaning of some difficult terms. In addition, I also suggested that the design papers should be printed in different levels if necessary. For example, some good design papers could be published as an internal book, which could be used in preliminary contract negotiation to attract generous villa owners. Table 1 Summarisation of My Creative Practices in Vincent Villa Design Items My Creative Idea Generation in Respect to Formal Document Formats Context With the setting of a villa decoration and design company, Vincent Villa Design, this creative activity involve general manager, designers and I. Reason The company lacks standard layout of formal documents, resulting in the difficulty of reviewing and understanding important business information. My contribution established bilingual Minutes of Meeting in single profiles designed new pattern of Decoration Contract and Design Contract with the counsellor provided unified business letters with the watermark of our company. standardised all the technical terms commonly used in design papers Outcome My standardised document format ensured more smooth development of various projects, and higher satisfaction from extensive villa owners. Analysis about the nature, sources and impact of creativity: evaluating the quality of my creativity in Vincent Villa Design Taking my creative experience in Vincent Villa Design as example, the following will review some theories explaining these three dimensions of creativity: nature, sources and impact. These theories will provide solid evidence for evaluating the quality of this creative practice, revealing its deficiency and presenting a better choice. Nature of creativity Abundant management literatures have been attaching importance to the enhancement of creativity in workplaces (Villalba, 2008). For instance, Boden (2004) identifies creativity as the capability of coming up with new, astonishing and valuable ideas and artifacts. As stated by Bessant and Tidd (2007), creativity is to make and communicate meaningful new connections to provide new and unusual possibilities, different viewpoints as well as varied thinking ways, thus allowing us to generate and select alternatives. Creativity can be of a combinational, exploratory or transformational nature (Boden, 2004). Among them, combinational creativity is to combine familiar ideas in an unfamiliar and interesting manner. This can bring more surprises. Normally, the outsider is not expected to win the Derby, while ideas X and Y are not expected to be combined. In reality, they have been recognised as mutually irrelevant. Combinational creativity can be witnessed in analogy, poetic imagery, visual collage, and juxtapositions of political ideas in cartoons. Although these conjoined ideas are not originally relevant, such an interpretation builds a close or perhaps very close link between them, thus satisfying part of your surprise (Boden, 2004). In many psychological literatures, to form unfamiliar combinations are acknowledged as the only choice of creativity. However, different implications are held by exploratory and transformational creativity. For exploratory creativity, highly valued ideas or structures can be produced. It need not adopt current style in an unthinking manner but search for and test some specific stylistic limits deliberately. For instance, a painter would exhibit his lifework retrospectively through chronological arrangement of canvasses, where the vivid process of exploratory creativity can be seen before your eyes. Otherwise, such an exhibition could have been arranged by a doting family member who has less sense than money. Moreover, exploratory creativity can also vary the adopted style while testing their limits and potentials. In other words, some constraints defining the style can be tweaked or altered slightly, for instance, in the retrospective exhibition mentioned above (Boden, 2004). Different from exploratory creativity, transformational creativity varies the stylistic dimension to a higher degree. Since exploratory creativity varies original style slightly or superficially, the novel structure is still intelligible to gain immediate acceptance, instead of being rejected as absurd. But in transformational creativity, the new idea will not be accepted or even understood until many years later. For example, Les Demoiselles dAvignon by Picasso is criticised and hidden for some years before being exhibited. Despite their distinct natures, these three processes of creativity take place together in some occasions (Boden, 2004). My creative experience is a typical example of exploratory creativity. This is because I have seen the limits of original document style and tweaked it slightly. Such change is not as marked and unintelligible as that of transformational creativity, while it is not merely the simple combination of existing ideas or styles. In this sense, my creativity has accomplished the goal of a feasible exploratory creativity. As a result, standardised documents are widely used in various business links, thus contributing to the operation of a whole villa project. In addition, all the villa owners have perceived the more convenient services provided by our company. Therefore, my creative activity has realised the proper role and practical significance of exploratory creativity. Sources of creativity Baldwin and Von Hippel (2009) state that producer model can be viewed as a dominant creativity mode. In other words, producer is a source of creativity. To be specific, it has been universally acknowledged that producers would provide the most creative design for consumers via on-sale goods and services. Evidently, producers seek profit from many users, who purchase and use a design developed by the producers. Therefore, more investment in a creative design can be afforded by a producer serving many clients than any single user. In this sense, producer-developed designs are assumed to have dominant position over user-developed designs in most business fields. It is argued that the expectation of profits is the incentives for producers to create. But producers will lose these profits if their creativities can be copied easily. Then subsidies or intellectual property rights must be provided to producers so that they can control their creativities exclusively for a period of time (Baldw in and Von Hippel, 2009). However, producer is not the only source of creativity, which can also originate from user firms or individuals. Creativities by single user individuals or firms have already become two increasingly significant alternatives for creativity model. Both producer and user creativity models have a different manner to acquire economic advantages in some occasions and disadvantages in others (Lundvall, 2010). My creativity in Vincent Villa Design is just a typical example of producer-source creativity. In the process of this creative activity, I am a member of Vincent Villa Design, the producer who serves extensive villa owners to make profits. The success of my creativity practice has its root in the approval and support from general manager and colleague. Such creativities are motivated by our companys intention to gain profit and maintain good reputation. Having adopted standardised documents, our company provides better products and services to gain stronger customer satisfaction and attract a broader range of customers. Impact of creativity For past decades, both organisational researchers and change management practitioners has paid increasing attention to the antecedents, processes and outcomes of creativity in organisations (Eskildsen et al., 1999). Evans and Lindsay (1999) point out that to establish a creative organisation has been viewed as a prerequisite to business excellence. In other words, creativity can exert positive impacts on personal and organisational development. However, unexpected risks can also be induced by unsuccessful creativity, which must be taken into full account while planning a creative process. Table 1 Review about Creativity Theories Field Researchers Statements Nature of creativity Boden (2004) the capability of coming up with new, astonishing and valuable ideas and artifacts Bessant and Tidd (2007) make and communicate meaningful new connections to provide new and unusual possibilities, different viewpoints as well as varied thinking ways, thus allowing us to generate and select alternatives Boden, 2004 of a combinational, exploratory or transformational nature Sources of creativity Baldwin, C. and Von Hippel, E. (2009) Producer is a source of creativity Lundvall, B. A. (2010) The increasingly important model is user creativity. Impact of creativity Eskildsen et al., 1999 Both organisational researchers and change management practitioners has paid increasing attention to the antecedents, processes and outcomes of creativity in organisations Evans and Lindsay (1999) To establish a creative organisation has been viewed as a prerequisite to business excellence For instance, my creative document formats has allowed Vincent Villa Design to present its stance and attitude more clearly. This creative practice also promotes the communication and collaboration among general manager, colleagues and I. As stated above, the watermark used in business letters is redesigned by the design department, while some difficult terms are explained by experienced designers in our company. All these people take initiative in providing support for my creativity, thus achieving its good outcome. However, the users of our services fail to be involved in my creative process. By combining the feedback and support from producers (our company) and users (villa owners), I could have generated better effect of creative practice. And many villa owners would have perceived that their feelings and suggestions were valued. In turn, they would show stronger preference for our delicate services and recommend it to their friends. Then my creative contribution would have played a better role in enhancing our corporate image. In conclusion, the better choice is to combine the feedbacks from producers and users. Reflection on what I have learned from my and others creative contribution Kolb (1984) highlights reflection as a cyclic learning process which covers these four links such as concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation(to see the figure below). The former three stages have been interpreted in above analysis, and the following explains how I will conduct creativity practice actively in future. Source: Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning experience as a source of learning and development. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Thanks to my creative experience mentioned above, I have gained full awareness about the significance and impact of creativity. In addition, I have also perceived the fact that a successful creativity cannot be accomplished by myself only, which must rely on the combination of various personalities and abilities in a harmonious team. This provides great enlightenment for my academic year and future career. Once I am assigned to a position with greater responsibility, e.g. a manager, I will encourage all my subordinates to provide timely and distinctive advices by rewarding those active creators via subsidy or annual bonus. In other words, a good platform and atmosphere will be provided so that every team member shows intention to generate creative ideas. Furthermore, I would expand my personal relationships with managers of homogenous companies and potential clients while maintaining normal working relationships with them. More efforts will be made to improve my personality charm and management competence, thus creating a more adhesive team. Furthermore, Wallas Stage Model will be employed in my creative process. Wallas (1926) outlines that a creative process mainly covers these four stages such as preparaction, incubation, illumination and verification. Preparation is to assess the problem initially; incubation thinks about the problem unconsciously; illumination comes to an idea generated from the thinking of incubation stage; and finally, verification is to verify, adapt and optimise the idea consciously. Similar to the model by Kolb (1984), this creative process is also a benign cycle in which every stage is independent and complementary for each other. In other words, the full cycle must be completed to ensure the effectiveness of creativities. Obviously, these three stages of preparation, incubation and illumination have been involved in my creativity in Vincent Villa Design. However, I fail to incorporate verification to my creative process. This is because I have not attempted to modify the new document formats constantly to allow an experience of our surprisingly changing services. Therefore, I would conduct more critical thinking in future career as a manager, and thereby realise a benign cycle of creativity with great efforts. Conclusion This essay reflects upon my experience of establishing creative document formats in Vincent Villa Design, which can be referred to as exploratory creativity. General Manager, designers and I have been involved in this creativity, but I fail to ask villa owners for their advices in advance. Better alternative for my creativity is to combine producer creativity and user creativity, i.e. seeking feedback and help from both colleagues and clients. Such reflection allows me to gain a broader sight into my creative contribution and learn more for my future career as a manager. I would build formal working relationships and personal friendships with my subordinates, homogenous service providers and the most importantly, customers. National Advisory Committee on Creative and Cultural Education (NACCCE, 1999) reported these four chracteristics of creative process: imaginative to generate something original; purposeful to put imagination into practice for some targets; produce original ideas related to ones own and others previous work or output in some specific field; create values for a particular objective by generating ideas and deciding the most appropriate one. Therefore, I would make all attempts at accomplishing a benign cycle of imaginative, purposeful, original and valuable creativities. In my future career as a manager, Kolb learning cycle and Wallas Stage Model will be adopted to enhance my creative management competency.

Borders and Dreams by Chris Carger Essay -- Racism Spanish Americans E

Borders and Dreams by Chris Carger In the book Borders and Dreams, Chris Carger shows the readers the hardships of Alejandro, a Spanish-American boy with very little educational background. In her case study of both Alejandro and his family she shows how the limitations of Alejandro, his parents, and an overpopulated school system can make succeeding in an American school nearly impossible. In this paper I will look at all the obstacles that Alejandro faced both before and during his education. Also, I will identify both the things that I felt were done right in his schooling and the things I felt were done wrong. To finish I will give some of the idea's I have that could possibly have helped Alejandro. 1. Describe at least three ways that educators characterize their students' abilities and needs? The first way teachers characterize their students abilities is by labeling them. Throughout Carger's book we see this, both in Alejandro and in Alejandro's sister Alicia who was called "At risk," limited English proficient," "learning disabled," and Linguistically delayed"(p. 54) Labeling is something we in American have to do, it's just our nature. However, labeling can be dangerous because it can be a stigma that they have to live with for the rest of their lives, also I think it gives the child an excuse to fail. They can just say well, I'm dropping out because I'm learning disabled. A second way is by ethnicity or social standing, granted this is a sometimes racist way to characterize children. We do see this in Borders and Dreams, with Alejandro who was put into a Latino private school instead of a regular public highschool. This was possible because Chicago is a big culturally diverse city, with 20000 Latinos in the Chicago elementary school system(27) In schools I have gone to social standing is very important, children of important members of society always had it easier than children who were poor, or whose parents were not in the PTA. In small cities where everybody knows everybody this is a very common occurrence, even though it is very wrong. A third and the most obvious way that educators characterize the needs and abilities of their students is with grades. Whether your in first grade and get U's or S's, or your in highschool and get A's, B's, C's, D's, or F's teachers are always judging students ability levels. Anoth... ...d to begin with and he fell further and further behind, because the teachers could give him the help he deserved without bringing down the rest of the class with him. At the Latino school Alejandro was in the best possible position, but when he went to Crown High he got lost in the shuffle and dropped out. If the private school was at would have went all the way through highschool I think he would have graduated, or at least would have gave highschool a lot better effort. But to do this public school system need to have more money, money they really can't get from local taxes alone. In Conclusion, Alejandro's story, though very sad is a very common one, and until we can have more schools and more teachers to help disadvantaged students like Alejandro will continue to fall through the cracks of our nations educational system. But in all honesty, one of his parents dreams did come true, Alejandro was better off than his parents. He could read enough to do well in everyday life, and would not have to have relatives come with him to the bank to read the statements for him. I think Alejandro attained a lot more than anyone expected with all the limitations he began with.

Acting Black and Acting White in Racist America :: Racism Race Essays

Acting Black and Acting White in Racist America Several years ago, four New York City police officers were acquitted after their trial for the murder of an African immigrant. Bill Bradley is quoted in Newsweek (March 6, 2000): "I think that it shows that when racial profiling seeps so deeply into somebody's mind, a wallet in the hand of a white man looks like a wallet, but a wallet in the hand of a black man looks like a gun." My nephew, David, who is African American, is beginning to expereince teasing about doing well in school and "acting white." He will end up, as have his mother and our other two African American siblings, learning to act black in certain situations and white in others. People live in quite similar and yet vastly different Umwelten. In this reflexive paper I intend to explore for myself some ideas about the Umwelten of inner city, lower SES African American families (I taught in inner city Washington, D.C.) and white American suburban middle class families. Different Umwelten can lead to vastly different ways of thinking about what it means to be successful in life and, thus, how parents raise and what they desire for their children. The conversation my sister and I were having did not end with thoughts about David and his hardships in school. We discussed reasons children would tease other children for valuing schooling, and what the teasing says about parents' and culture's educational beliefs. My sister decided that she could not imagine any parents who would not want their child to get an education and, if they had the opportunity, to go to college. (Implied in this sentence is, of course, the assumption that every person has the opportunity to go get that "education.") I was aghast. Aren't we both liberal people brought up together in the same liberal household? Yet my sister seems to have some limiting views that I do not share (at least not consciously). First, "education" means graduating from high school and the opportunity to go on to college. Second, every parent would want and value this education for their children. Third, this would mean that the opportunity for this education was available to all children and their parents know it. Here I saw a glimpse through a slice of the rhizome that is my sister's mind, where her interpretants for the signs of "opportunity" and "education" are different from mine, and where they lead to different connections than these interpretants do for me. Acting Black and Acting White in Racist America :: Racism Race Essays Acting Black and Acting White in Racist America Several years ago, four New York City police officers were acquitted after their trial for the murder of an African immigrant. Bill Bradley is quoted in Newsweek (March 6, 2000): "I think that it shows that when racial profiling seeps so deeply into somebody's mind, a wallet in the hand of a white man looks like a wallet, but a wallet in the hand of a black man looks like a gun." My nephew, David, who is African American, is beginning to expereince teasing about doing well in school and "acting white." He will end up, as have his mother and our other two African American siblings, learning to act black in certain situations and white in others. People live in quite similar and yet vastly different Umwelten. In this reflexive paper I intend to explore for myself some ideas about the Umwelten of inner city, lower SES African American families (I taught in inner city Washington, D.C.) and white American suburban middle class families. Different Umwelten can lead to vastly different ways of thinking about what it means to be successful in life and, thus, how parents raise and what they desire for their children. The conversation my sister and I were having did not end with thoughts about David and his hardships in school. We discussed reasons children would tease other children for valuing schooling, and what the teasing says about parents' and culture's educational beliefs. My sister decided that she could not imagine any parents who would not want their child to get an education and, if they had the opportunity, to go to college. (Implied in this sentence is, of course, the assumption that every person has the opportunity to go get that "education.") I was aghast. Aren't we both liberal people brought up together in the same liberal household? Yet my sister seems to have some limiting views that I do not share (at least not consciously). First, "education" means graduating from high school and the opportunity to go on to college. Second, every parent would want and value this education for their children. Third, this would mean that the opportunity for this education was available to all children and their parents know it. Here I saw a glimpse through a slice of the rhizome that is my sister's mind, where her interpretants for the signs of "opportunity" and "education" are different from mine, and where they lead to different connections than these interpretants do for me.

E-commerce and Interactive Communications Methods :: E-Commerce Design Essays

E-commerce and Interactive Communications Methods E-commerce E-commerce means carrying out of trade and commerce (including shopping) via electronic means. E-commerce can be sub-divided into business-to-business, business-to-consumer, and consumer-to-consumer transactions. E-commerce is sometimes known as e-tail, e-trade or e-business. There are a number of different uses of e-commerce. E-commerce can be used for marketing of goods and services; retail of goods and services; customer service and supply chain management (also known as E-procurement). Advantages of e-commerce: * The ability to reach a wider market * The ability to find information on competitors and to compete with larger businesses on an equal basis * Lower operating costs * The ability to buy as well as sell goods on the internet * Being faster than traditional retailing * Cost savings on marketing and promotion, e.g. producing fewer brochures * Offering more choice than traditional retailing * Establishing better customer and supplier relationships Disadvantages of e-commerce: * Staff- technical staff are an expensive resource * Building a customer base is expensive * Distribution- it is difficult when delivering orders to customers within a reasonable time period * Quality- online products should be equal in standard to the offline products * Expensive to set up e-commerce systems * Risk of fraud Interactive Communications Methods Interactive media is defined as the following: ‘A new telecommunication system designed to permit two-way communications between televisions or computers in one location with software stored on a central computer. Can also allow individuals in distant locations to communicate, teach, or learn from one another’. Examples of interactive communications methods include CD-ROMs; letters, memos and e-mails; the intranet; one-to-ones; meetings; phone calls and videoconferencing calls. Advantages of interactive communication: * The opportunities it provides for feedback * The greater degree of confidence it provides that the message has been understood * The recipient can to some extent control the pace of the communication * The message can be tailored to better meet the recipient’s needs The Internet is the primary interactive media for advertising. It has recently affected many areas of promotion, with interactive advertising, creative sponsorship, sales promotion, public relations, database marketing and prestige value of having a website. There are a number of other Internet resources which can be used to promote a website. Some of these are mentioned below: * Discussion lists- are a method for individuals to network with others on a particular topic * Webcasting- this is when subscribers list topics of interest and new information is sent directly to their to their computer screen

Organizational Behavior and Design Essay

Leadership exists in both formal and informal fashion. Formal leadership is defined by Byrnes (2003, p. 160) as ‘leadership by a manager who has been granted the formal authority or right to command’. Formal authority in this sense means those elements that automatically come with leadership – perhaps a title, an office, a budget, the right to make decisions, a set of subordinates, a reporting relationship, and so on. Formal leaders are appointed or elected to lead the group by virtue of such characteristics as their position in the organization and their interest or expertise in relation to the group’s focus. A formal leader is one who possesses organizational authority to direct and control the activities of subordinates. The individual issues orders and instructions to his subordinates by virtue of his formal authority within the organization. The formal leader is responsible and accountable to those who have elected him in a formal way. At the managerial or executive level, this paper asserts that formal leadership is not always necessary; at least, the execution of formal authority by the leader must constantly depend on the situation. The main reason behind this assertion is that formal leadership strategies that carry out perceived improvements do not always generate a common vision among leadership groups. Nor does formal leadership always establish or follow guidelines for carrying out improvements. For instance, Durk Jager, former Procter & Gamble (P&G) CEO, has many traits of a good manager and may have managed P&G well during his time but he was not seen by those whom he managed as being the leader. This example just implies that formal authority is not the sole basis of leadership in part because leadership relationships are based on additional resources other than authority, like expertise and interpersonal skills. The formal leader cannot depend solely on the use of formal authority because subordinates seldom put maximum effort under the pressure of authority. Being a successful businessperson or manager does not make a person a good leader. Just because someone is assigned a formal leadership role does not guarantee that the person will be the only leader of the group, or will become effective in the said role, as evidenced in the aforementioned example. A top level manager like Jager that has considerable authority but lacked leadership qualities is likely to be less effective than a supervisor with little authority but a high degree of qualities. People in formal leadership positions may wield force or authority using only their position and the resources and power that come with it, but never get the cooperation that people who exercise both formal and informal leadership at the same time. Informal leadership can be valuable assets to an organization’s formal leadership, and they can use their influence to work with the goals of the organization. In this light, giving managers formal authority is less important than ensuring that their expertise, creativity, initiative and interpersonal skills infuse organizational improvement efforts. Further, while most open-minded formal leaders believe in their own importance, seeing themselves as central to the health of the organization, they do not always regard it as essential that they review either their role or organizational convictions. Furthermore, strictly formal organizations can seldom define all the possible variations of responsibility and personal interaction to be expected of all members in all situations. Nevertheless, organizations appear to be founded upon a basic system of stable expectations regarding differential responsibilities and relationships among the members. This is not a one-way process. That is, it is not the organization alone which sets up role expectations for its members. The members set up expectations for each other and for the organization as a whole. Moreover, while group members can agree upon which members hold the position of leader, the inconsistencies between such agreement and the attempts to evaluate leadership in terms of group productivity is evidently due to a low correlation between actually influential behavior and formal leadership status. In conclusion, it would be highly beneficial for an organization if members think of leadership as a behavior, not a formal role, as it will extend the capability for leadership behaviors to all organizational members and call for a change in how the organization approaches leadership development, which then should focus beyond managers or future managers to include all organizational members. Such a conception of leadership does not require that the functions of leadership be vested in one person. Any person who influences the group is playing a leader’s role and in this sense several individuals may be viewed as leaders at different times. In this paper, it is accepted that leadership may shift among group members depending upon the situations confronted by the group. Formal leaders, then, are office holders elected to play the most influential roles most of the time. The informal or effective leaders are the individuals who in fact do play the most influential roles most of the time. Those in formal leadership positions may have final authority, but others, within their own more constrained domains, will still need to draw on virtually the same set of leader attributes. These other’ leaders support the organizational leadership and extend the reach of those in formal leadership positions. Their leadership is manifest through their ability to work effectively with others, derive consensus, take initiative, question, and propose. These forms of participation in leadership are rarely considered as leadership per se, especially from traditional (i. . , narrow) perspectives. Rather than viewing leadership as the province of a few elites that have formal leadership role designations, an alternative perspective of this paper views leadership as an outcome of effective social structures and processes. It is the aggregate ability to create shared work that is meaningful to people and to add value to an organization. From this latter perspective, everyone can and should participate in both formal and informal leadership.

Proposal for Library System

ACLC College Balanga City, Bataan CAPSTONE PROJECT TITLE PROPOSAL In Partial Fulfillment of the Program Requirements In Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Proposed Start Date: Anticipated Date of Graduation: Engr. Carmencita O. Savella Thesis Adviser 1. Tentative Thesis Title: This needs to be succinct, reflecting the appropriate scope of work you are undertaking.For instance, â€Å"Investigations in the Applications of XML† is so broad as to be meaningless, â€Å"Using XML for Data Representation† is a little more focused but is still too broad, but â€Å"Using XML for Data Representation in Financial Service Brokerage Systems† might be reasonable, and â€Å"Comparing XML Data Representation to Traditional Data Representation in Financial Services Brokerage Systems† would be much more appropriate. At this point, consider your title a working title, since changes in direction along the way will affect the results you finally achieve. 2. A bstractDescribe, in one or two sentences, what the central theme, or thesis, of this project is to be. Then, in only two or three paragraphs, give a summary of what you hope your project will show, what technologies are relevant, and what your approach is. 3. Thesis Project Description In this section, elaborate on the summary above. This gives you a chance to describe how background work you have already done in narrowing down your thoughts to a thesis topic of a reasonable scope. Include references to material you have used to help you define this proposal (use the References section to give a complete description of the references).Begin by describing the context in which this project is being done. This includes relevant course work, research sources, your own background and readiness for the topic, other research that is like yours or upon which your project is based (use references if need be). Next, describe how you will approach the project and related implementation work. F or instance, you can give a description of background information you have already gathered, and other sources you expect to tap into.Then describe the implementation vehicle (for instance, an application you will build) that will either illustrate your thesis or form the core of your demonstration. If you have any preliminary requirements or design information (including object models, data models, algorithms) describe them here. This chapter should cover the following: †¢ Background of the project †¢ Comparison of your approach to other approaches †¢ A description of the application or software components that will be written as part of the project †¢ A brief description of your technology choicesToo often, a student will present a diagram showing a set of tiers, such as Presentation, 3 Business Logic and Data Access. This is usually accompanied by text that explains the well-known purpose of each tier. While this is a useful way to organize one's implementatio n that is supported by many platforms, there are two problems with this diagram as â€Å"the architecture for my system†. First, most people who use this don't include a single word on the diagram that refers to any specific feature of the application; that is, the diagram is application-independent. An nalogy is that of a housing architect sending you a model for your new house that shows four tiers: a foundation, two floors with walls, and the roof. What you really need to see are diagrams that show how the house fits into its surroundings and the elements of the house and their relationships to one another – the style of the doors and windows, the location of rooms, stairs, hallways, and so on, so that you can imagine how you might live in the house. Second, although these multi-tier diagrams have been around and are available from many sources, no citation of the source used is present.So you need to think carefully about the major functional components of the appl ication you're building from a user perspective (e. g. , a Customer Information Service, an Order Subsystem, a Business Rule Interpreter) and also indicate how these components depend on one another. Only then can you convey to a potential user what the system will do when it's built and how you are planning to design and stage the implementation. 4 Work Plan In this chapter, describe what your overall work plan is.Be as specific as you can as to how the parts of your project work will come together so that you and your thesis director can make better decisions about changes as new information comes to light. 4. 1 Assumptions, Risks and Alternatives Describe the development environment you require (language, OS, system) and other tools you expect to use. Also describe any assumptions you have made about what it will take to finish your work. Describe the risks you now see as inherent in your work and alternatives you might have to take to ameliorate these risks (e. g. , project scop e and alternatives for scope reduction) 4. Preliminary Schedule Give a breakdown of the activities that lead to completion of major milestones in your work, and give rough time estimates for completing these activities. These should be at the level of detail of 2-4 weeks each. 5 Glossary You should not assume that all readers are familiar with the technology or terminology referred to in your thesis proposal. This section should include definitions of major terms and an explanation of acronyms. 6 References Be sure to adhere to the format for references in the Thesis Guide. Also, use the proper format for citations of references in the document.

Haitian Revolution

Rationale The researcher chose to investigate this topic because she is solely interested I finding out why Haiti’s socio-economic structure deteriorated after the Haitian Revolution ended in 1804. It has always been the curiosity of the researcher to discover Haiti’s state prior to this major revolt and also to find out the factors which caused the socio-economic break down of the colony. This research seeks to educate the researcher and whoever may read it in an effort to broaden their knowledge on Haiti’s socio-economic structure and why it is the way it is.Introduction The Haitian Revolution was a strategy used by African slaves in Haiti to resist slavery. In the 18th century, Haiti was the richest colony in the entire Caribbean and was the largest market of cane sugar. They accounted for half the sugar used in the Americas and Europe; they also produced cotton, coffee and indigo which were also used in developing France socially and economically.Even though Haiti was very successful in its own and France’s economical endeavours, the strategy used was somewhat detriment as they applied brutal measures to the enslaved who worked on their plantations. According to Liberties Lost: Caribbean Indigenous Societies and Slave Systems written by Hilary McD Beckles and Verene A. Shepherd, it was the background of the civil war between the free mixed race and French communities and their mutual opposition to French domination, that those enslaved on the 22nd of August 1791, launched the greatest revolt for freedom from slavery ever known.Due to the revolt that lasted for thirteen long years, there was mass destruction in property, plantations and loss of many lives. These resulted in the break down of the socio-economic structure and further more the economy. This research will address the socio-economic state of Haiti or previously known as ‘St. Domingue’ prior to the revolt and the factors that contributed to the deterioratio n of its socio-economic break down which will be used to prove that it was the Haitian Revolution that destroyed the  French colony. Haitian Revolution RationaleThe researcher chose to investigate this topic because she is solely interested I finding out why Haiti’s socio-economic structure deteriorated after the Haitian Revolution ended in 1804. It has always been the curiosity of the researcher to discover Haiti’s state prior to this major revolt and also to find out the factors which caused the socio-economic break down of the colony. This research seeks to educate the researcher and whoever may read it in an effort to broaden their knowledge on Haiti’s socio-economic structure and why it is the way it is.IntroductionThe Haitian Revolution was a strategy used by African slaves in Haiti to resist slavery. In the 18th century, Haiti was the richest colony in the entire Caribbean and was the largest market of cane sugar. They accounted for half the sugar used in the Americas and Europe; they also produced cotton, coffee and indigo which were also used in developing France socially and economically.Even though Ha iti was very successful in its own and France’s economical endeavours, the strategy used was somewhat detriment as they applied brutal measures to the enslaved who worked on their plantations. According to Liberties Lost: Caribbean Indigenous Societies and Slave Systems written by Hilary McD Beckles and Verene A. Shepherd, it was the background of the civil war between the free mixed race and French communities and their mutual opposition to French domination, that those enslaved on the 22nd of August 1791, launched the greatest revolt for freedom from slavery ever known.Due to the revolt that lasted for thirteen long years, there was mass destruction in property, plantations and loss of many lives. These resulted in the break down of the socio-economic structure and further more the economy. This research will address the socio-economic state of Haiti or previously known as ‘St. Domingue’ prior to the revolt and the factors that contributed to the deterioration of its socio-economic break down which will be used to prove that it was the Haitian Revolution that destroyed the French colony.The Effects of the Haitian Revolution after it ended in 1804

Meat Industry Essay

People all over the world eat meat for its nutritional value and taste. The United States Department of Agriculture reports that in the year 2011 people in the U.S consumed 25.6 billion pounds of beef. Most of this meat was produced in America. A Holistic approach to food production is important in order to improve the quality of beef. What we feed our cattle, the housing conditions and the slaughter procedure directly impacts our food. What the farmers feed cattle directly affects the quality of beef for the consumer. The cow has many more benefits from eating grass than being fed corn. It is a lot healthier for cows to consume grass because that is what their stomachs are made for. The stomachs have three sections that are made specifically for digesting grass (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Today, most cows are put on a diet that is based on corn. The cows used to be fed grass and roam free but since than there have been changes. The idea about feeding cattle grain began during World War II. It all started when farmers were producing more grain than the American population could handle, so the rest of it was fed to cows. It was discovered that feeding a cow different types of grains fattened them up a lot faster than when cows were consuming grass. With a grass fed diet, it takes cows about five years to reach 1,200 pounds. However, with the grain-based diet it takes a cow about 390 days to get to a reachable weight for slaughter (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Also, the producer benefits more from feeding his cows corn because it is cheaper than grass. Therefore, a diet based on corn is more cost effective but the quality of meat has less nutritional value (Why Grass Fed- Health Benefits of Grass Fed Beef). The consumer benefits more from meat that comes from cows that consume grass rather than in-taking different types of grains. The cow is a lot healthier and happier when it is eating grass, which results in higher quality meat. Since cows’ stomachs are meant to break down grass, a corn based diet causes changes in the digestion of a cow leading to serious health problems, such as diarrhea, ulcers, and a weakened immune system. As a result of these issues, the cows are given antibiotics to help prevent this from occurring, which makes the meat unhealthier (Healthy Theory -Corn-Fed Vs. Grass-Fed Beef). Another huge topic of concern is the disregard of animal welfare. These animals aren’t being cared for and they are treated as units of production (Learn About The Issues). In order to fatten up cows in time for slaughter, many farmers put them in feedlots. The conditions these cows go through are unbearable. As many cows as possible are crammed into each pen. The result of this is massive amounts of waste covering the animals living space (The Issues Animal Welfare). This causes the air to be unhealthy and creates many gases and diseases that aren’t wanted. During the whole time the cows are in the feedlot they are breathing in methane gas. Large amounts of methane are bad for animals because it takes away oxygen from the air, which can affect the central nervous system (2- Health Effects of Methane). The alternative is a more holistic way, which allows the cattle to roam around freely on huge pastures until they get fat enough to get slaughtered. In the United States, animal welfare is being ignored, because cows are being treated in a cruel and unhealthy way. When they are living in the feedlots, they are covered with manure and aren’t being cared for. As soon as cows are fat enough to get slaughtered, they are sent to the closest slaughterhouse. On their journey they are faced with heartbreaking situations. They are often transported from 1,200 to 1,500 miles away in scorching hot weather or freezing temperatures. Dr. Lester Friedlander, a former U.S. Department of Agriculture veterinarian inspector said, â€Å"They are crammed onto trucks and go without food or water for days†. When it is cold, they are in the back of a trailer with nothing covering them. As the driver drives sixty miles per hour, cows are being exposed to a variety of extreme weather. Many cows collapse in hot weather. While they are traveling they urinate. After sometime it begins to freeze while their hooves are standing in it. Also, the fur of the cows â€Å"†¦ freezes to the sides of the trucks until workers pry them off with crowbars†(Cow Transport and Slaughter). When the cows get to the slaughterhouse, they are often in bad conditions. Most of them are sick and cannot walk because they are too weak. In order to move weak and injured cows they are dragged along with a bulldozer by a chain around their neck or leg. Even though they are in bad shape, cows are still being used for their meat because it means more money in the producer’s pocket. If some of the cows are able to walk, they are still abused. Workers beat them with a metal rod in order to move them faster (The Humane Society of the United States). Also, before they are killed the cows are lined up to wait for their turn to be stunned so that they will pass out before they get slaughtered. Sometimes the stunning procedure does not work. Ramon Moreno, a slaughterhouse worker has stated that he often has to cut the legs off of cows that are completely conscious. â€Å"They blink. They make noises,† he says. â€Å"The head moves, the eyes are wide and looking around. †¦ They die piece by piece.† If workers try to report that the cows are still alive they risk loosing their jobs (Cow Transport and Slaughter). After cows reach a certain weight they are ready to be slaughtered for meat consumption. The process of turning cows into packed meat can cause the meat to be infected. Before they are slaughtered, cows are cleaned. However, in some cases not well enough. The waste of the cow can get into the processed meat that is being cut by the workers. This can contaminate the meat with E-coli, which is a type of bacteria that can lead to death. â€Å"According to Centers for Disease Control estimates, up to 20,400 cases of E. coli infection and 500 deaths from E-coli disease occur annually in the United St ates† (Escherichia Coli 0157:H7). Another disease that is created in these fast paced industries is mad cow disease. (the issues-slaughterhouses and processing). Mad cow disease affects the cow’s nervous system and it causes the cow to act confused and loose control of the ability to walk (What is Mad Cow Disease). When people eat infected beef they may contract a human version of mad cow disease. It affects the nervous system causing depression and loss of coordination. As it becomes more severe, it causes dementia (The Basics of Mad Cow Disease). With our modern day technology, slaughterhouses are able to kill thousands and thousands of cow’s every day. There are many solutions that can change the food industry to produce their meat in a more animal friendly way. To help cut back more meat being produced in factories, consumers can support local farms by eating food that is grown locally. Holistic farming care for their animals and focus on getting delicious, healthy meat than just producing more and more for profit. The food quality of holistic farmed meat is a lot better because the cows are raised and treated well as opposed to when the animals are abused their whole life. If we really want a change, it is up to Americans to demand that. Currently, laws support the industrial farming methods and lack the attempt of helping small farms grow. An example is that American tax money goes to support research and the operating cost of large food producing companies (Learn About the Issues). In order for there to be a change, citizens need to become aware of the process. Change will happen by the consumer supporting politicians who are looking to change the food industry. Consequently, producers would need to be more focused on the care of the animals than earning as much money as possible. What American farmers feed their cattle, where they raise them and how they get slaughtered directly impacts the quality of our food. It is important for consumers to be aware of the United States food industry because there is so much more behind the food brought to you in the supermarket. If the consumer buys meat that is produced holistically, and legislation puts focus on the care of animals, the food industry will be forced to improve their methods.

Online Sociology Class

Ch 5 dba Us our text, as needed! 1)   In the opening vignette to Chapter 5, the Crips provided Monster Cody a sense of brotherhood, belonging, and superiority while the Bloods were described as being the enemies of the Crips and unworthy of their respect. In this scenario, what sociological concepts apply to each group for Cody? For instance,   what is/are Cody's ingroups, outgroups, reference groups, primary groups, secondary groups? 2. What essentials elements are missing from aggregates and categories that are found in â€Å"groups.   Why are groups more important to humans than either categories or aggregates? 3. Why do you think secondary groups frequently break down into primary groups? 4. Which of the following  do you think this online sociology class is and why:  Ã‚   an aggregate; a category; a primary group; or a secondary group. 5. How do reference groups work? Do you have to be an actual member of  your reference group? What are some of your reference groups ? 6. Why did many of the subjects in Solomon Asch's experiment give answers that they knew to be incorrect? Have you ever been a â€Å"victim† of group conformity?Share the details of your answer DQ5 Sociology is the study of life in groups–chapter 5  | DQ5A YOUR groups†¦ 0 messages – 0 unreadWho are your primary groups, your secondary groups? Your reference groups? Your ingroups, your outgroups? * Unlocked: Feb 9, 2013 4:51 PM – Mar 4, 2013 11:55 PM| DQ5B Social networking 0 messages – 0 unreadSocial networks are important in the study of sociology. Understand what they are. Have you ever benefited from your social network. For instance, have you gotten a job or met someone nice through a friend of a friend?Another way to look at it, how many degrees are you away from from contacting former President George Bush? It never fails that I have a student who knows someone who knows  Bush personally! * Unlocked: Feb 9, 2013 4:53 PM – Mar 4, 2013 11:55 PM| DQ5C Facebook and Suicidal Content Link 0 messages – 0 unreadIs anyone familiar with this link on Facebook? It's the first I've ever heard of it. It could be really useful. http://www. latimes. com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-facebook-military-suicide-20120508,0,1357844. story * Unlocked: Feb 9, 2013 4:53 PM – Mar 4, 2013 11:55 PM|

The Concept of Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Concept of Globalization - Essay Example The essay "The Concept of Globalization" talks about the globalization concept as a way of how the world is connected in all the sectors of human life, from technological, economical, political, socio-cultural and even environmental developments. All this a major contributing factor towards the presentation of a world democracy where there is a large market economy with ease of access for individuals around the world. Globalization nowadays is a very heated topic, both on the positive side and the negative side. Many are against globalization due to their belief in the sovereignty of a country with everything being centralized and many are for it as it is giving them a larger ground to play. Although debated as a capitalist concept, globalization is the need of the day with everyone some way or another involved in the process. Countries are always involved in doing trades, people are involved through the internet, and people immigrate for better work, processes like these make globalization a true fact and a reality that has contributed much towards the scope of International Relations. When the world talks about power, wealth, innovation and capitalism, America is the country they direct to. The concept of Globalization thus emerging from the U.S depicts that it is a new way of how the United States want to be perceived in the comity of nations. The power of globalization residing within the U.S, it then is much like a dictatorship towards a freely moving and changing concept.

International Business Alliance (based on the Business Strategy Game) Essay

International Business Alliance (based on the Business Strategy Game) - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that management structure at both partners’ state will need specialized modification that will factor in the alliance management needs. Strengthening the management teams’ attention will require formulation of a collaboration committee in the initial stages of the alliance, bearing the management oversight mandate. The initial stage of carrying the appropriate alliance management design will, therefore, include the appointment of the alliance committee for further managerial design negotiations. A managerial design structure will be negotiated and agreed among the committee representatives. To ensure that the highest form of commitment and cooperation is obtained from both partner firms, the highest level of management and administration will be brought on board. Management design at the two firms will determine the final structure adopted by the alliance. The popularity of the alliance among the employees is very important in the creation of a solidly committed team in the implementation. In light of the importance of the management gesture, the involvement of the board of directors in the agreed structure will be necessitated. This structure will incorporate two board members, five senior managers including the finance managers and the elected committee representatives. Improvement will be the main focus of the alliance hence a proposal for appointment of the most versatile manager-leaders will be forwarded at first hand.

Generating forecasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Generating forecasts - Essay Example Since the current and future customers have more money to buy the company’s goods and services, it is possible to predict an increase in the purchase of the stores’ product sales and services revenues. Statistical tools help make more informed store management decisions. In the same manner, the increase in certain independent factors may indicate a possible decline in the dependent factor. For example, an increase in the government’s taxes will reduce the workers’ take home pays or salaries. Consequently, the reduced take home pays will reduce the workers’ purchasing power. Consequently, the decision makers must expect a decline in the stores’ sales and service revenues. With the reduced take home pay, the employees must cut down their avoidable expenses. The table 1 data shows the company can generate the future weeks’ projected revenues (Johnson, 2010). The expected future sales are grounded based on the above multiple independent variables. The dependent variable is the revenues. As dependent variable, the sales output is normally dependent on the many independent variables. The above table shows that the competitors often sell their products at prices that are reasonable. A reasonable price takes into consideration several relevant factors. One of the relevant factors is the demand for the products. A high customers’ demand for the products will encourage the stores to increase their selling prices. However, a low demand for the stores’ products and services persuades the store managers to offer discounted prices. With the discounts, the customers will take advantage of the price reductions. A price reduction will normally trigger a higher demand for the stores’ products and services (Johnson, 2010). The above table 2 shows the summary of the statistical findings’ regression analysis for the ten weeks. The Multiple regression output is shown to be 0.63. The R Squared figure is 0.40. The Adjusted R squared figure is -.0950.

What Is The Level Of Agricultural Protectionism In The Developed World Essay

What Is The Level Of Agricultural Protectionism In The Developed World And Why Does It Occur - Essay Example Avoiding too much importing will protect the countries, especially developed, to lose the balance of trade as well as local businesses in their country. It protects its countries local industries to decline. According to Hussein Haeri, 'Agricultural protectionism' in the European Union takes many guises, such as "domestic support policies, import barriers, and export subsidies,3" to name a few measures. In fact, the European Common Agricultural Policy accounts for almost half of the European Union's budget. This results in significant distortions in both European and international agricultural markets. (Haeri, 2001) In the event of educating the poorer countries with regards to the benefits of 'free trade' the EU adopts and formulated policies, which restrain the trading of agricultural products freely or at a lower tariff. While the rich gets richer and the poor gets poorer, some rich countries are hiding in disguises. Agricultural protectionism occurs because when tariff levels are low, the productivity of the farms of the developed countries will be low. It is not difficult to see why price supports for dairy, sugar, peanuts, tobacco, and other U.S. farm products have led to protectionist policies. In recent years, for example, domestic prices of U.S. dairy products frequently have been two to three times world prices. The case of sugar, for which domestic price in mid-1986 was about four times world price, is even more dramatic. Without rigid import controls, consumers would undermine domestic price support programs by substituting lower priced imports for price-supported products including sugar, butter, cheese, and peanuts. (Pasour, n.d) 2.b) What form does it take and effect does it have. Agricultural protectionism comes in discreet forms. They over ride in domestic support policies, import barriers, and export subsidies. The effects of agricultural protectionism are: Farmers and other workers are not permitted to do their activities such as farming, etc. It is their field and because of agricultural protectionism, they are not allowed to do their job of which they are most productive. If farmers and other workers can't do their forte, they cannot gain enough income and benefits, thus they became poor. Billions of dollars of taxpayer subsidies are paid to U.S, European and Japanese farmers which depress world prices and make it tougher for our farmers to earn a decent return for their hard work," Mr Vaile said. (Vaile, 2005) The high global cost of goods deprives the poor ones to buy enough for their living. Commercialize agricultural goods that are not usually good for the health. Flooding of their (developing countries) domestic market (import surges) with products sold on the world market at less than their cost of production. (n.d) Displacement of local trading capacity which was intended to, and in some circumstances initially did, fill the void left following the deregulation of local markets and associated dismantling of parastatals. (n.d) Worsen the global poverty by imposing high import tariffs for small or developing countries, so instead of pulling up those developing countries, many of which have dived down to poverty due to these factors. Increased tradeproblems, tensions and job losses. For sugar, the deterioration of economic conditions which initially curtailed imports into major Asian markets has also led to a substantial drop in imports into the Russian. (FAO, n.d) Tight supplies in the vegetable oil market, particularly emanating from a drought-induced contraction in palm oil availability from major Asian producing countries, boosted prices, while oilmeal prices suffered from a decline in the demand for animal feeds in crisis-affected regions, accentuated by abundant supplies of